The Volcanic Landmarks of Oahu, Hawaii – Part 2, Punchbowl Crater

Punchbowl Crater is a product of the Honolulu Volcano Series.  It is a tuff cone that was formed 75,000 – 100,000 years ago from the ejection of hot lava through cracks in the old coral reefs which, at the time, extended to the foot of the Koolau Mountain Range.  Like Diamond Head, it is considered monogenic, meaning it was a…

Tolbachik still not giving up

Attention to active volcanoes tends to go down the longer they are active. The only time you hear something about Kilauea for example is when something like a lava lake drains, new lava fountains show up or when a piece of property is destroyed by the ever-present lava flows, which are in itself one of…

Cappadocia – Upright volcano of Turkey

These somewhat interesting ‘mushroom’, like landforms are part of the volcanic landscape of Cappadocia, the ‘Land of Beautiful Horses’. Cappadocia lies in south eastern central Turkey, some 275 km south-east of Ankara. This article should serve as an introduction to what is an exceedingly complex volcanic province and only ‘scratches the surface’ of what is…